关于水处理污泥的文献翻译

【专家解说】：自来水厂的排泥水处理工作应从对具体水厂的排泥水水质特性分析出发，注意自来水厂污泥和污水厂污泥之间的本质差别。本文探讨研究了自来水厂排泥水处理技术的若干问题，诸如：如何正确确定自来水厂的污泥干固体产量？如何减少自来水厂沉淀池的排泥水水量？为什么要设置污泥调蓄均衡池？等等。 关键词：自来水厂排泥水处理 随着我国对环境保护和整治力度的不断加强，许多省市的环保部门近年来积极督促各地自来水公司在扩建、新建自来水厂的同时，要筹措资金同步实施水厂的排泥水处理工程。1996年以来，石家庄、北京、上海和深圳等城市先后建成投产了几个水厂的排泥水处理工程，开始了我国自来水厂排泥水处理的起步阶段。 自来水厂排泥水不经处理就直排江河湖泊等水体，成为水体的重要污染源，淤积抬高河床，影响江河的航运和行洪排涝能力。我国是水资源紧缺的国家，水资源是制约国民经济可持续发展的重要物质条件。努力搞好自来水厂排泥水处理工程，在改善水环境的同时，还可回收利用占水厂供水量2～4%左右的水量，一定程度上缓解水资源紧缺的矛盾。我国近2800个城市自来水厂今后如陆续着手建设排泥水处理工程，将可能涉及数百亿元巨额基建投资的能否合理使用，能否相应实现预期的工程效应和环境效益的重大现实问题。 结合几年来在自来水厂排泥水处理科研工作和工程实践中的一些经验、教训和体会，联系在国内、外一些自来水厂和污水厂的污泥处理工程参观调研过程中的收获、心得和思考，对自来水厂排泥水处理技术的若干问题提出如下看法和建议，供我国自来水厂排泥水处理工程建设和研究工作参考。 1.自来水厂排泥水处理工程设计规模如何合理取值问题 自来水厂排泥水处理工程设计工作中，除了必须切实掌握水厂的混凝沉淀池排泥水日产水量、滤池冲洗废水的日产水量和单格滤池一次冲洗废水量外，更重要的是必须对水厂污泥干固体日产量设计规模进行合理取值，它直接影响污泥脱水机械等的选型配置、有关设备和构筑物的配备和设计，直接影响整个排泥水处理和污泥处置的工程投资和今后工程正常合理运行的可能性。 水厂排泥水中的污泥干固体含量，由净水过程中截留去除的原水中泥沙、腐殖质、藻类等悬浮杂质和水厂投加的混凝剂、助凝剂等二部分组成，前者占主要比重。 水厂的日常水质检测项目中，与原水中悬浮杂质含量密切相关的主要是原水浑浊度NTU值。测定水的浑浊度NTU值的浊度仪是基于测定光源通过被测水的散射光强弱的光学仪器，能有效检测水中主要属胶体粒径范围的杂质颗粒。由于不同水源水中的悬浮杂质颗粒大小组成和形状各不相同，因此各种水源水的浊度NTU值大小并不一定可按某固定比值直接换算成反映水中悬浮杂质浓度SS值(mg/L)的大小。因此取用不同水源水的水厂在进行排泥水处理工程设计之前，一般应先对全年不同时段的水源水取样进行浑浊度NTU值和原水中悬浮固体量SS值的一系列同步检测对比。所获大量数据进行数学回归和相关分析，得出NTU与SS值之间的相关关系，再联系水源具体情况和近年原水浊度资料的概率统计分析等，可合理确定该水厂排泥水处理工程污泥干固体量DS的日处理规模。若不能认真根据当地水源水质实际情况得出可靠的NTU:SS的相关值，则估算的水厂排泥水处理工程的干污泥DS日处理规模量可能与实际相差甚远，甚至可能差一、二倍以上！严重影响工程建设的合理性. 我国不少城市自来水厂已将建设排泥水处理工程提上议事日程，建议在日常检测原水浊度NTU值的同时，进行一些原水悬浮固体SS值的对比检测，及早作好这项影响工程设计规模的前期准备工作。 The waterworks platoon spate processing work should from embark to theconcrete water works platoon spate water quality characteristicanalysis, attention waterworks sludge and between dirt water workssludge essential distinction. This article discussed has studied thewaterworks row of spate processing technology certain questions, suchas: How correctly determined the waterworks sludge does the solidoutput? How reduces the waterworks sedimentation pond platoon spatewater volume? Why has to establish the sludge to store and regulatethe balanced pond? . Key word: Waterworks row of spate processing And renovates dynamics along with our country to theenvironmental protection unceasingly to strengthen, many provinces andcities environmental protection departments positively supervised eachplace running water company in recent years during the extension,newly built waterworks, had to raise fund synchronization to implementthe water works the platoon spate processing project. Since 1996, cityand so on Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen successivelyhas completed has gone into production several water works platoonspate processing projects, started our country waterworks row of spateprocessing start stage. A waterworks row of spate after processing on water body and so onstraight platoon rivers and streams lake, does not become the waterbody the important source of pollution, silts up raises the river bed,affects the rivers and streams the shipping and line of Hong drainswaterlogged land the ability. Our country is the water resourcesscarce country, the water resources is restricts the national economysustainable development the important physical conditions. Diligentlydoes well the waterworks row of spate processing project, duringimprovement water environment, but also may recycle the use to occupythe water works for the water volume 2 ~ 4% about water volume, in thecertain degree alleviates the water resources scarce contradiction.Our country nearly 2,800 cities waterworks next like one after anotherwill begin to construct the row of spate processing project, whetherpossibly will involve several hundred hundred million Yuan largeamount initial costs reasonably to use, whether correspondingrealization anticipated project effect and environment benefit vitalrealistic question. Unifies for several years in the waterworks row of spate processingscientific research work and project practice some experiences, thelesson and the experience, relates in the home, outside somewaterworks and in the dirt water works sludge processing project visitinvestigation and study process harvest, the attainment and theponder, to the waterworks row of spate processing technology certainquestions proposed the following view and the suggestion, refers forour country waterworks row of spate processing engineeringconstruction and the research work. 1. Waterworks row of spate processing engineering design scale howreasonable value question In the waterworks row of spate processing engineering designwork, except must practically grasp the water works the coagulationsedimentation pond row of spate daily production water volume, thefilter tank flushing waste water daily production water volume and thesingle standard filter tank time flushes outside the waste watervolume, more importantly must do the solid daily output design scaleto the water works sludge to carry on the reasonable value, itdirectly affects the sludge dewatering machinery and so on the shapingdisposition, the related equipment and the construction equipment withthe design, direct influence entire platoon spate processing andsludge handling project investment and next project normal reasonablemovement possibility. In the water works row of spate sludge does the solid content,temporarily stops in the original water by only the water process inwhich removes the silt, the humus, the algae and so on the aerosolimpurity and the water works throws adds 混凝剂, helps congeals themedicinal preparation and so on two parts to be composed, formeraccounts for the main proportion. In the water works daily water quality examination project, with theoriginal water in the aerosol foreign inclusion close correlationmainly is the original water 浑浊度 NTU value. The determinationwater 浑浊度 the NTU value turbidity meter is based on thedetermination photosource through the diffused light strong and theweak optical instrument which sounds, can effectively examine in thesounding mainly to be the colloid particle size scope the impuritypellet. Because in the different water source water aerosol impuritypellet size composition and the shape are various, therefore each kindof water source water turbidity NTU value size certainly notnecessarily may directly convert in the reflection water according tosome fixed ratio the aerosol impurity density SS value (mg/L) size.Therefore uses the different water source water the water works incarry on before the row of spate processing engineering design,generally should first carry on 浑浊度 NTU value and in theoriginal water to the whole year different time interval water sourcewater sample the aerosol solid amount of space occupied SS value aseries of synchronous detection contrast. Attains the mass datas tocarry on mathematics return and the correlation analysis, obtains NTUand between the SS value correlational dependence, again related thewater source special details and the recent years original waterturbidity material probability statistical analysis and so on, butreasonably determined this water works row of spate processing projectsludge did solid amount of space occupied DS the date processingscale. If cannot earnestly according to the local water source waterquality actual situation to obtain reliable NTU:SS the correlativevalue, then estimates the water works row of spate processing projectdry sludge DS date processing gauge module is possible and actual isfar from, even may the energy balance above one, two times! Seriousinfluence engineering construction rationality Our country many cities waterworks have constructed the row of spateprocessing project to propose the agenda, suggested while dailyexamination original water turbidity NTU value, carries on someoriginal water suspended solid SS values the contrast examination,early finishes this influence engineering design scale the earlierperiod preparatory work.